This 3D medical animation shows the common indications for a cesarean delivery, including dystocia, placenta previa, fetal distress and multiple births. A cesarean section (c-section) surgery to deliver a baby in frank breech (feet first) position is also shown. During the procedure, the surgeon (usually an obstetrician/gynecologist, i.e. ob/gyn) makes an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus in order to deliver the baby. The animation also includes information on what to expect before and after the surgery. See more 3D medical animations from Nucleus Medical Art at http://www.nucleusinc.com/youtube
Nucleus Medical Art’s 3D medical animation shows the anatomy of a
typical cervical (neck) spine and intervertebral disc. Details include
orientation of the cervical spine, movements of the spinal vertebrae,
and movement of intervertebral discs. A cross-section of the
intervertebral disk and spinal cord highlight the nucleus pulposus,
annulus fibrosus, spinal cord, dura mater, spinal root, and spinal
nerve.
Nucleus Medical Art is a leading creator and licensor of medical
illustrations, 3D medical animations and interactive multimedia for
medical devices, pharmaceutical companies, education, biotechnology,
marketing agencies, lawyers, and more. Online at
This 3d medical animation shows a heart attack resulting from atherosclerosis, which is inflammation of an artery. It was designed to be an immersive experience to hold the viewer’s interest in this complex, slow-developing process. Every shot was conceptualized as a visual effect to evoke the sensation of a journey within a dynamic and diverse environment. Beginning with the probable cause, which is damage to the endothelial wall, the story progresses in detail through the stages of atherosclerosis concluding with the resulting damage to the heart. See more 3D medical animations from Nucleus Medical Art at http://www.nucleusinc.com/youtube
This 3D heart animation shows a coronary angioplasty procedure to correct a blocked artery in the heart. It begins by showing the buildup of plaque in an artery wall of the heart, blocking the flow of blood. Afterwards, the patient lies on a testing table while contrast dye is injected into the arteries of the heart, showing the location of the blockage. A guide wire is then moved through the lumen of the blood vessel, followed by a balloon and stent mechanism. The balloon inflates, putting the metal stent in place, so that the lumen of the artery is open and the red blood cells can flow freely.
The replication of HIV 1 is a multi-stage process.
Each step is crucial to successful replication and is therefore a potential target of antiretroviral drugs.
Step one is the infection of a suitable host-cell, such as a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte.
Entry of HIV into the cell requires the presence of certain receptors on the cell surface, CD4 — receptors and co-receptors such as CCR5 or CXCR4.
These receptors interact with protein-complexes, which are embedded in the viral envelope.
These complexes are composed of two glycoproteins:
an extracellular gp 120 and
a transmembrane gp 41
When HIV approaches the target cell gp120 binds to the CD4-receptors. This process is termed attachment.
It promotes further binding to a co-receptor. Co-receptor binding results in a conformational change in gp120.
This allows gp41 to unfold and insert its hydrophobic terminus into the cell membrane.
Gp 41 then folds back on itself.
This draws the virus towards the cell and facilitates the fusion of their membranes.
The viral nucleocapsid enters the host cell and breaks open releasing two viral RNA-strands and 3 essential replication enzymes:
Integrase, Protease and Reverse Transcriptase.
Reverse Transcriptase begins the reverse transcription of viral RNA.
It has two catalytic domains:
The Ribonuclease-H active site
And the polymerase active site
Here single stranded viral RNA is transcribed into an RNA-DNA double helix. Ribonuclease- H breaks down the RNA.
The polymerase then completes the remaining DNA-strand to form a DNA — double helix.
Now Integrase goes into action.
It cleaves a dinucleotide from each 3-prime end of the DNA creating two sticky ends.
Integrase then transfers the DNA into the cell nucleus and facilitates its integration into the host cell genome.
The host cell genome now contains the genetic information of HIV.
Activation of the cell induces transcription of proviral DNA into messenger RNA.
The viral messenger RNA migrates into the cytoplasm where building blocks for a new virus are synthesised.
Some of them have to be processed by the viral protease.
Protease cleaves longer proteins into smaller core proteins.
This step is crucial to create an infectious virus.
Two viral RNA-strands and the replication enzymes then come together and core proteins assemble around them forming the capsid.
This immature particle leaves the cell acquiring a new envelope of host and viral proteins.
The virus matures and becomes ready to infect other cells.
HIV replicates billions of times per day destroying the hosts` immune cells and eventually causing disease progression.
Drugs which interfere with the key steps of viral replication can stop this fatal process.
Entry into the host cell can be blocked by fusion inhibitors for example.
Inhibition of reverse transcriptase by nucleoside inhibitors or by non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase- inhibitors is part of standard antiretroviral regimens.
The action of Integrase can be blocked.
Protease inhibitors are also part of standard antiretroviral therapy.
Each blocked step in viral replication is a step towards better control of HIV disease.
Script, Storyboard, Art Direction by: Frank Schauder, MD
Animation: MACKEVISION
Publicity: Dr.Rufus Rajadurai.MD.,D.DENS.,
Inside a 3D program a mouse cursor creates a 3-dimensional character that comes to life after an unknown error in the program and gets into a journey across the computer desktop
Esc is my student film completed in 8 months at Emily Carr Institute
This 3D medical animation shows how antibodies stop harmful pathogens
from attaching themselves to healthy cells in the blood stream. The
animation begins by showing normal red and white blood cells flowing
through the blood stream. Next, a single pathogen appears onscreen
slowly moving toward its destination on the surface of a cell. The
tubular extensions on the pathogen are surface proteins which attach to
corresponding surface proteins on a white blood cell, or leukocyte. As
the animation continues, more pathogens continue to attach to the white
blood cell, rendering it ineffective.
During the immune system response, Y-shaped antibodies begin attacking
the pathogen, binding to its surface proteins as the pathogen attempts
to anchor to the blood cell. The antibodies completely block the
pathogen from attaching to the blood cell, “tagging” the pathogen so
that one of the immune system’s leaner cells, a macrophage, appears
onscreen to engulf and digest the pathogen.
Nucleus Medical Art is a leading creator and licensor of medical
illustrations, 3D medical animations and interactive multimedia for
medical devices, pharmaceutical companies, education, biotechnology,
marketing agencies, lawyers, and more. Online at
